Which hormones are released by the neurohypophysis?

The neurohypophysis, also known as the posterior pituitary, releases two key hormones: arginine vasopressin (also known as antidiuretic hormone or ADH) and oxytocin. These hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported to the neurohypophysis, where they are stored and released into the bloodstream.

Arginine vasopressin plays a crucial role in regulating water balance by decreasing urine output and promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys. It also influences blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction. Oxytocin is well-known for its role in childbirth and lactation, as it stimulates uterine contractions during labor and the ejection of milk during breastfeeding.

The other hormone combinations listed do not correspond to the neurohypophysis. Thyrotropin and growth hormone are produced by the anterior pituitary; follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone are also anterior pituitary hormones involved in reproductive processes. Adrenocorticotropic hormone and prolactin, while involved in a variety of physiological functions, are also secreted from the anterior pituitary. Thus, the only correct answer that identifies the hormones released by the neurohypophysis is the pair of arginine vasopress