What type of response is observed physiologically during electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) typically leads to an initial parasympathetic response, characterized by a drop in heart rate and blood pressure due to vagal stimulation when the electrical current is applied. This is followed by a sustained sympathetic response as the body reacts to the stress of the procedure. The sympathetic system becomes more active, resulting in elevated heart rate and blood pressure after the initial phase.

The physiological changes observed during ECT highlight how the body first responds to the immediate stress with a calming effect from the parasympathetic system, and then shifts to a more alert state managed by the sympathetic system. This transition is crucial for understanding the autonomic nervous system's response to the stress of ECT, as it provides insight into the physical processes occurring during the therapy.