What can increase intraocular pressure during medical procedures?

Succinylcholine administration is known to potentially increase intraocular pressure during medical procedures. This occurs because succinylcholine is a depolarizing neuromuscular blocker that causes muscle fasciculations, including those of the extraocular muscles. These contractions can lead to a transient rise in intraocular pressure. This effect is particularly important to consider in patients who may have conditions such as glaucoma or other ocular issues where elevated intraocular pressure could be detrimental.

In contrast, nitrous oxide does not have a significant impact on intraocular pressure and is often used in settings where muscle relaxation is needed without the concerns related to the eye. Opioids also do not typically raise intraocular pressure; instead, they are more focused on analgesia and sedation. Hyperventilation often leads to a state of respiratory alkalosis, which does not cause an increase in intraocular pressure either.

Understanding the specific effects of these agents on intraocular pressure is crucial for anesthesiologists and medical practitioners to prevent complications during procedures, especially those involving the eye or in susceptible individuals.