Which factors are associated with an increase in intraocular pressure? (Select 3)

Intraocular pressure (IOP) can be affected by various physiological and pharmacological factors. Hypoxemia, which refers to low oxygen levels in the blood, is linked to increased IOP. This occurs because hypoxia can lead to increased production of aqueous humor, the fluid within the eye, as well as changes in ocular blood flow and vascular response. Therefore, hypoxemia can contribute to elevated pressure within the eye.

The other options presented can also impact IOP in different ways. For example, both laryngoscopy and the administration of certain medications such as succinylcholine and opioids can lead to a transient increase in intraocular pressure due to factors like changes in intra-thoracic pressure, muscle contractions, and potential effects on the autonomic nervous system. However, hypoxemia is a well-documented, direct cause of increased IOP that is widely recognized in medical literature.

In summary, hypoxemia is a critical factor associated with increased intraocular pressure due to its effects on aqueous humor production and ocular blood flow, contributing to the overall understanding of factors impacting IOP in clinical scenarios.